Evaluation of anthropometric parameters, Liver Enzymes, Albumin, and Lipid Profile Levels in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus, in Amran City, Yemen

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which accounts for 90–95% of diabetes cases, is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or deficiency. The liver plays a central role in regulating glucose levels, and hepatic insulin resistance in T2DM contributes to hyperglycemia. This imbalance can lead to an accumulation of fat in the liver, increasing the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate anthropometric parameters, liver enzymes, albumin levels, and lipid profiles (total cholesterol and triglycerides) in patients with T2DM in Amran City, Yemen. Results:Patients with T2DM showed significant increases in mean body mass index (BMI) (27.26±4.42; P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (BP) (81.08±10.41; P≤0.004), systolic BP (128.79±19.75; P≤0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (198.08±58.37; P<0.001), triglycerides (198.94±91.94; P<0.001), total cholesterol (204.63±39.84; P=0.011), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (178.58±80.23; P<0.001). Additionally, a significant decrease in albumin levels (4.09±0.37; P<0.001) was observed. No significant differences were found in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.377), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.897), andgamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.238). Conclusion: Patients with T2DM in Amran City exhibited elevated BMI, blood pressure, ALP, and lipid levels, particularly triglycerides, alongside reduced albumin
levels. Notably, ALP was the most significantly altered liver enzyme, indicating a potential risk of liver dysfunction in these patients